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Training With Treats: Do It Right!
By Marc Goldberg
Hey even I'm willing to learn new things if there's a broiled lobster in it for me.
When I'm hungry that is.
If I'm not hungry, or if I'm so distracted that a lobster won't tempt me, then I'll blow you off to continue doing what I want, not what you want.
That's pretty much how your dog sees the issue when you train with food. If he's hungry at the moment, and if there's nothing more compelling going on, food can be a great way to reinforce behaviors you teach your dog. On the other hand, if Fido isn't food motivated, or if he's got something "better" to do, he won't be interested.
Nonetheless, training with food has its benefits when used as a motivator and a reward. For those dogs who just aren't normally interested in treats, you can substitute play with a toy if that motivates them.
The first thing you have to know about using food in training is how NOT to use it. The primary rule is not to use it to stop an unwanted behavior. Instead, use it to create a new behavior you want to teach.
With those rules in mind, you won't teach your dog to stop growling at other dogs by using food. But you may be able to teach him to sit more quickly if there's something tasty in it for him.
Before I tell how you to deliver food treats when training, let me tell you WHY you should not use food to try and stop an unwanted behavior. The answer is because you can accidentally reinforce the very behavior you're trying to stop.
For example, let's say Fido growls at other dogs on his walks. If you tell him to stop growling, and distract him with a treat, what has he really learned?
Here's what YOU'RE thinking…he stopped growling so I rewarded him for that with a cookie. He won't growl again.
Here's what FIDO is thinking…this is cool, I growl, then mom pops me a cookie. Let's see if this works…let's growl more!
Think of food as a directional reward. How, when and where you deliver it all determine whether the treat teaches your dog what you intended, or something else altogether. For example, you tell Fido to sit, and you hold a treat six inches over his head, while pushing down on his butt.
Sound about right? Wrong! By holding that treat six inches over his head, you're really teaching Fido to sit then immediately break that position in favor of jumping up to get the cookie.
Instead, start Fido standing on a closely held leash. Show him you have a cookie, by holding it at nose level—only an inch from his sniffer-- while he's standing up. Direct his attention, and nose, slightly higher by raising the cookie only enough so that he must tend toward a sit to view it. While he's focusing upward only a couple of inches over his nose, use your other hand to push his butt down, while your cookie hand keeps the treat only a couple of inches from his nose as it moves.
As soon as he is sitting, deliver the treat to him just slightly above nose level, and slightly toward his rear. This means that to collect the treat, Fido must actually lean back into the sit more to reach it.
Mission accomplished! Food hasn't been just randomly delivered to your dog, leaving him wondering why he got it. Instead, the food has clearly communicated how he can get this treat even faster next time, by sitting when you ask.
Anyone getting hungry?
About the Author
Marc Goldberg is a dog trainer specializing in the rehabilitation of difficult dogs and improving relationships. He is Vice President of the International Association of Canine Professionals (IACP) and Editor of SafeHands Journal. The author also educates professional dog trainers in his techniques. Visit him on the web at http://www.chicagodogtrainer.com.
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